Oral Immunotherapy is available to patients of all ages from newborn to geriatric.

OIT is fundamentally a graded food challenge supplemented over time by subthreshold doses to achieve a desensitized state dependent on persistent ingestion of a food allergen.

This treatment is offered for milk, egg, peanut, tree nut and wheat allergies.

The majority of children undergoing OIT can tolerate the dose escalations well. However, Immediate IgE mediated allergic reactions are expected and may occur. The children are carefully monitored during these dose escalations and reactions will be quickly reversed and/or managed.Identifying an avoidable risk factor and reducing the next doses, should then allow resumptions of scheduled dosing.

This treatment can be billed to insurance and should be covered with most plans, although there is expected to be some costs to the patient.

Specific dosing varies from food to food, but the general concept includes an initial escalation day of serial, increasing, low doses of the food, followed by a buildup phase wherein a single higher dose is administered in the clinic followed by a 45 minute observation period, then the same dose is taken daily at home until the next visit 1-2 weeks later. This continues until a maintenance dose of the food is safely consumed which is generally a meal equivalent of the culprit food. There will be some circumstances where a "bite proof dose" will be the target, for highly allergic individuals. This will reduce severe reactions due to accidental exposures.

Immediate or delayed gastrointestinal problems can slow down the escalation process considerably and is the most common side effect.